135. M.P. Rigney, T.P. Weber, P.W. Carr, "Preparation and Evaluation of a Polymer-Coated Zirconia Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Support," J. Chro-matogr. 484, 273-91 (1989).

136. M.P. Rigney, E.F. Funkenbusch, and P.W. Carr, "Physical and Chemical Charac-teriza-tion of Micro-porous Zirconia," J. Chromatogr. 499, 291-304 (1990).

144. T.P. Weber, P.W. Carr, and E.F. Funkenbusch, "Evaluation of a Zirconia-Based Carbon-Polymer Com-pos-ite Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Support," J. Chromatogr. 519, 31-52 (1990).

145. T.P. Weber and P.W. Carr, "Comparison of Isomer Separation on Carbon-Clad Micro-porous Zirconia and on Conventional Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chro-matography Supports," Anal. Chem. 62, 2620-5 (1990).

146. J.A. Blackwell and P.W. Carr, "Study of the Fluoride Adsorption Characteristics of Porous Microparticu-late Zirconium Oxide," J. Chromatogr. 549, 43-57 (1991).

147. J.A. Blackwell and P.W. Carr, "Fluoride-Modified Zirconium Oxide as a Biocompatible Stationary Phase for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography," J. Chromatogr. 549, 59-75 (1991).

149. D.W. Karl, J.C. Magnusson, P.W. Carr, and M.C. Flickinger, "Preliminary As-sess-ment of Removal of Pyrogenic Lipopolysaccharides with Colloidal Zirconia Ad-sorbents," Enzyme Microb. Technol. 13, 708-15 (1991).

152. J.A. Blackwell and P.W. Carr, "A Chromatographic Study of the Lewis Acid-Base Chemistry of Zirconia Surfaces," J. Liq. Chromatogr. 14(15), 2875-89 (1991).

155. W.A. Schafer, P.W. Carr, E.F. Funkenbusch, and K.A. Parson, "Physical and Chem-i-cal Characterization of Porous Phosphate-Modified Zirconia Substrate," J. Chromatogr. 587, 137-47 (1991).

156. W.A. Schafer and P.W. Carr, "Chromatographic Characterization of a Phosphate Modi-fied Zirconia Support for Bio-chromatographic Applications," J. Chromatogr. 587, 149-60 (1991).

159+*. J.A. Blackwell and P.W. Carr, "Ligand Exchange Chromatography of Free Amino Acids on Phosphated Zirconium Oxide Supports," J. Liq. Chromtogr. 15, 727-51 (1992).

160+*. J.A. Blackwell and P.W. Carr, "Role of Lewis Acid-Base Processes in Ligand-Ex-change Chromatography of Benzoic Acid Derivatives on Zirconium Oxide," Anal. Chem. 64, 853-62 (1992).

161+*. J.A. Blackwell and P.W. Carr, "Development of an Eluotropic Series for the Chromato-graphy of Lewis Bases on Zirconium Oxide," Anal. Chem. 64, 863-73 (1992).

162+*. J.A. Blackwell and P.W. Carr, "Ligand Exchange Chromatography of Free Amino Acids and Proteins on Porous Microparticulate Zirconium Oxide," J. Liq. Chromatogr. 15(9), 1487-1506 (1992).

163+*. J.A. Blackwell and P.W. Carr, "Ion- and Ligand-Exchange Chromatography of Proteins Using Porous Zir-conium Oxide Supports in Organic and Inorganic Lewis Base Eluents," J. Chromatogr. 596, 27-41 (1992).

169. P.W. Carr, J.A. Blackwell, T.P. Weber, W.A. Schafer, and M.P. Rigney, "Zirconium Oxide Based Supports for Biochromatographic Applications," in Chromatography in Biotechnology, C. Horvath and L.S. Ettre, (Eds.), ACS Symposium Series No. 529, 1993, pp. 146-64.

181*+. J. Nawrocki, M.P. Rigney, A. McCormick, and P.W. Carr, Review, "Chemistry of Zirconia and Its Use in Chromatography," J. Chromatogr. A 657, 229-82 (1993).

182+*. L. Sun, A.V. McCormick, and P.W. Carr, "Study of the Irreversible Adsorption of Proteins on Polybuta-diene Coated Zirconia," J. Chromatogr. A 658, 465-73 (1994).

188+*. L. Sun, M. Annen, C.Fco. Lorenzano Porras, P.W. Carr and A. McCormick, "Synthesis of Porous Zirco-nia Spheres for HPLC by Polymerization-Induced Colloid Aggregation (PICA)," J. Colloid Interface Sci. 163, 464-73 (1994).

189+*. C.Fco. Lorenzano Porras, P.W. Carr and A.V. McCormick, "Relationship between Pore Structure and Dif-fusion Tortuosity of ZrO2 Colloidal Aggregates," J. Colloid Interface Sci. 164, 1-8 (1994).

190+. M.H. Glavanovich and P.W. Carr, "Easily Regenerable Affinity Chromatographic Zirconia-Based Support with Concanavalin A as a Model Ligand," Anal.Chem. 66, 2584-9 (1994).

192+*. C. McNeff, Q.H. Zhao, and P.W. Carr, "High-Performance Anion-Exchange of Small Anions with Poly-ethyleneimine Coated Porous Zirconia," J. Chromatogr. A 684, 201-11 (1994).

193*+. J. Nawrocki, C.J. Dunlap, P.W. Carr, and J.A. Blackwell, Review, "New Materials for Biotechnology: Chromatographic Stationary Phases Based on Zirconia," Biotechnol. Prog. 10, 561-73 (1994).

194*+. M.J. Annen, R. Kizhappali, P.W. Carr, and A. McCormick, "Development of Porous Zirconia Spheres by Polymerization-Induced Colloid Aggregation-Effect of Polymerization Rate," J. Mater. Sci. 29, 6123-30 (1994).

196+*. C.Fco. Lorenzano Porras, M.J. Annen, M.C. Flickinger, P.W. Carr and A.V. McCormick, "Pore Structure and Dif-fusion Tortuosity of Porous ZrO2 Synthesized by Two Different Colloid-Aggregation Processes," J. Colloid Interface Sci. 170, 299-307 (1995).

197+*. C. McNeff and P.W. Carr, "High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography of Oligonucleotides and Oligodeoxynucleotides on Quaternized Polyethylenimine-Coated Zirco-nia," Anal. Chem. 67, 2350-3 (1995).

198*+. L. Sun and P.W. Carr, "Mixed-Mode Retention of Peptides on Phosphate-Modified Polybu-tadiene-Coated Zirconia," Anal. Chem. 67, 2517-23 (1995).

199. T.P. Weber, P.T. Jackson, and P.W. Carr, "Chromatographic Evaluation of Porous Carbon-Clad Zirconia Microparticles," Anal. Chem. 67, 3042-50 (1995).

201*+. C. Frco. Lorenzano-Porras, D.H. Reeder, M.J. Annen, P.W. Carr, and A.V. McCormick, "Unusual Sinter-ing Behavior of Porous Chromatographic Zirconia Produced by Polymerization-Induced Colloid Aggrega-tion," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 34, 2719-27, (1995).

202*+. L. Sun and P.W. Carr, "Chromatography of Proteins Using Polybutadiene-Coated Zirconia," Anal. Chem. 67, 3717-21 (1995).

203*+. C. McNeff and P.W. Carr, "Synthesis and Use of Quaternized Polyethylenimine-Coated Zir-conia for High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography," Anal. Chem. 67, 3886-92 (1995).

207+*. C.J. Dunlap, P.W. Carr, and A.V. McCormick, "A Chromatographic Comparison of the Pore Structures of Zirconia High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Materials Made by Polymerization Induced Colloidal Aggregation and the Oil Emulsion Methods," Chromatographia 42, 273-82 (1996).

209+. C.J. Dunlap and P.W. Carr, "The Effect of Mobile Phase on Protein Retention and Recovery Using Car-boxymethyl Dextran-Coated Zirconia Stationary Phases," J. Liq. Chrom. & Rel. Technol. 19, 2059-76 (1996).

210. J. Nawrocki, P.W. Carr, M.J. Annen, and S. Froelicher, "A TGA Investigation of Hydrated Monoclinic Zirconia," Anal. Chim. Acta 327, 261-6 (1996).

211+. J.W. Li and P.W. Carr, "The Retention Characteristics of Polybutadiene-Coated Zirconia and Comparison to Conventional Bonded Phases," Anal. Chem. 68, 2857-68 (1996).

213+. C.J. Dunlap and P.W. Carr, "Synthesis and Chromatographic Characterization of Dextran-Coated Zirconia High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Stationary Phases," J. Chromatogr. A 746, 199-210 (1996).

216+ *. D.H. Reeder, A.M. Clausen, M.J. Annen, P.W. Carr, M.C. Flickinger, and A.V. McCormick, Note, "An Approach to Hier-archically-Structured Porous Zirconia Aggregates," J. Colloid Interface Sci. 184, 328-30 (1996).

217+. J.W. Li and P.W. Carr, "Characterization of Polybutadiene-Coated Zirconia and Comparison to Conven-tional Bonded Phases by Use of Linear Solvation Energy Relationships," Anal. Chim. Acta 334, 239-50 (1996).

219+. P.T. Jackson, M.R. Schure, T.P. Weber, and P.W. Carr, "Intermolecular Interactions Involved in Solute Retention on Carbon Media in Reversed-Phase High Perform-ance Liquid Chromatography," Anal. Chem. 69, 416-25 (1997).

220+ *. D.H. Reeder, J.W. Li, P.W. Carr, M.C. Flickinger, and A.V. McCormick, "Models for Polybutadiene Pore Wall Coatings in Porous Zirconia," J. Chromatogr. A 760, 71-9 (1997).

221+. J.W. Li and P.W. Carr, "Effect of Temperature on the Thermodynamic Properties, Kinetic Performance, and Stability of Polybutadiene-Coated Zirconia," Anal. Chem. 69, 837-43, 1997.

224+. J.W. Li and P.W. Carr, "A Study of the Efficiency of Polybutadiene-Coated Zirconia as a Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Support," Anal. Chem. 69, 2193-2201 (1997).

225+. J.W. Li and P.W. Carr, "Evaluation of Temperature Effects on Selectivity in RPLC Separations Using Polybutadiene-Coated Zirconia," Anal. Chem. 69, 2202-6 (1997).

231+. J.W. Li, Y. Hu, and P.W. Carr, "Fast Separations at Elevated Temperatures on Polybutadiene-Coated Zirconia Reversed-Phase Material," Anal. Chem. 69, 3884-8 (1997).

232. M.J. Robichaud, A.R. Sathyagal, P.W. Carr, A.V. McCormick, and M.C. Flickinger, Technical Note, "An Improved Oil Emulsion Synthesis Method for Large, Porous Zirconia Particles for Packed- or Fluidized-Bed Protein Chromatography," Sep. Sci. Technol. 32, 2547-59 (1997).

233+. P.T. Jackson, T.-Y. Kim, and P.W. Carr, "Diastereomeric Selectivity of Carbon-Coated Zirconia Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Media," Anal. Chem. 69, 5011-17 (1997).

235+. A.M. Clausen and P.W. Carr, "Chromatographic Characterization of Phosphonate Analog EDTA-Modified Zirconia Support for Biochromatographic Applications," Anal. Chem. 70, 378-85 (1998).

234+*. J.W. Li, D.H. Reeder, A.V. McCormick, and P.W. Carr, "Factors Influencing Polybutadiene Deposition within Porous Chromatographic Zirconia," J. Chromatogr. A 791, 45-52 (1998).

240+. Y. Hu and P.W. Carr, "Synthesis and Characterization of New Zirconia-Based Polymeric Cation-Exchange Stationary Phases for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Proteins," Anal. Chem. 70, 1934-42 (1998).

242. J. Zhao and P.W. Carr, "Comparison of the Retention Characteristics of Aromatic and Aliphatic Reversed Phases for HPLC Using Linear Solvation Energy Relationships," Anal. Chem. 70, 3619-28 (1998).

244. P.T. Jackson and P.W. Carr, "Improving Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography," CHEMTECH 28, 29-37 (1998).

64+. P.W. Carr, "Fundamental, Predictive Approach to Dipole-Dipole Interactions Based on the Dipole Moment of the Solute and the Dielectric Constant of the Sol-vent," J. Chromatogr. 194, 105-19 (1980).

65. M.J. Kamlet, P.W. Carr, R.W. Taft, and M.H. Abraham, "Linear Solvation Energy Re-la-tionships. 13. Rela-tionship Between the Hildebrand Solubility Parameter, dH, and the Solva-tochromic Parameter, p*," J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 6062-6 (1981).

72*. J.E. Brady and P.W. Carr, "Perfluorinated Solvents as Nonpolar Test Systems for Gen-eral-ized Models of Sol-vatochromic Measures of Solvent Strength," Anal. Chem. 54, 1751-7 (1982).

73*. J.E. Brady and P.W. Carr, "Development of a Generalized Model for the p* Scale of Sol-vent Polarity," J. Phys. Chem. 86, 3053-57 (1982).

75*. M.J. Kamlet, R.W. Taft, P.W. Carr, and M.H. Abraham, "Linear Solvation Energy Rela-tionships. Part 9.-Correlations of Gas/Liquid Partition Coefficients with the Solva-tochromic Parameters, p*, a and b," J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. I 78, 1689-1704 (1982).

97*. P.C. Sadek, P.W. Carr, R.M. Doherty, M.J. Kamlet, R.W. Taft, and M.H. Abra-ham, "Study of Retention Processes in Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatogra-phy by the Use of the Solvatochromic Comparison Method," Anal. Chem. 57, 2971-8 (1985).

98*. J.E. Brady and P.W. Carr, "A Study of Solvatochromic Linear Energy Relation-ships in a Homologous Series of n-Alkanes and n-Alkylnitriles," J. Phys. Chem. 89, 1813-22 (1985).

104. D.E. Leahy, P.W. Carr, R.S. Pearlman, R.W. Taft and M.J. Kamlet, "Linear Solva-tion Energy Relation-ships. A Comparison of Molar Volume and Intrinsic Molec-ular Volume as Measures of the Cavity Term in Reversed Phase Liquid Chroma-tography," Chro-matographia 21, 473-7 (1986).

105*. P.W. Carr, R.M. Doherty, M.J. Kamlet, R.W. Taft, W. Melander, and C. Horvath, "Study of Temperature and Mobile Phase Effects in Reversed-Phase High-Per-formance Liquid Chromatography by the Use of the Solvatochromic Comparison Method," Anal. Chem. 58, 2674-80 (1986).

108. M.J. Kamlet, R.M. Doherty, V. Fiserova-Bergerova, P.W. Carr, M.H. Abraham, and R.W. Taft, "Solubil-ity Properties in Biological Media 9: Prediction of Solubil-ity and Parti-tion of Organic Nonelectrolytes in Blood and Tissues from Solvato-chromic Parameters," J. Pharm. Sci. 76(1), 14-7 (1987).

109. M.J. Kamlet, R.M. Doherty, M.H. Abraham, P.W. Carr, R.F. Doherty, and R.W. Taft, "Linear Solva-tion Energy Relationships. 41. Important Differences between Aqueous Solubility Relationships for Aliphatic and Aromatic Solutes," J. Phys. Chem. 91, 1996-2004 (1987).

112*. W.J. Cheong and P.W. Carr, "The Surface Tension of Mixtures of Methanol, Aceto-nitrile, Tetrahydro-furan, Isopropanol, Tertiary Butanol and Dimethylsulfoxide with Water at 25oC," J. Liq. Chromatogr. 10, 561-81 (1987).

113. M.H. Abraham, P.L. Grellier, R.A. McGill, R.M. Doherty, M.J. Kamlet, T.N. Hall, R.W. Taft, P.W. Carr, and W.J. Koros, "Solubility Properties in Polymers and Biological Media: 10. The Solubility of Gaseous Solutes in Polymers, in Terms of Solute-Polymer Interactions," Polymer 28, 1363-9 (1987).

114*. J.H. Park, A. Hussam, P. Couasnon, D. Fritz, and P.W. Carr, "Experimental Reexami-nation of Selected Partition Coefficients from Rohrschneider's Data Set," Anal. Chem. 59, 1970-6 (1987).

115*. J.H. Park and P.W. Carr, "Predictive Ability of the MOSCED and UNIFAC Activ-ity Coefficient Estima-tion Methods," Anal. Chem. 59, 2596-2602 (1987).

118. M.J. Kamlet, R.M. Doherty, P.W. Carr, D. Mackay, M.H. Abraham, and R.W. Taft, "Linear Solvation Energy Relationships. 44. Parameter Estimation Rules That Allow Ac-curate Prediction of Octanol/Water Partition Coefficients and Other Solubility and Toxi-city Properties of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Poly-cylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons," Environ. Sci. Technol. 22, 503-9 (1988).

119*. J.H. Park, P.W. Carr, M.H. Abraham, R.W. Taft, R.M. Doherty, and M.J. Kamlet, "Some Observations Regarding Different Retention Properties of HPLC Stationary Phases," Chromatographia 25, 373-81 (1988).

122. M.J. Kamlet, M.H. Abraham, P.W. Carr, R.M. Doherty, and R.W. Taft, "Solute-Sol-vent Interactions in Chemistry and Biology. Part 7. An Analysis of Mobile Phase Effects on High Pressure Liquid Chro-matog-raphy Capacity Factors and Relationships of the Latter with Octanol-Water Partition Coefficients," J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. II 2087-92 (1988).

124*. S.C. Rutan, P.W. Carr, W.J. Cheong, J.H. Park, and L.R. Snyder, "Re-Evaluation of the Solvent Trian-gle and Comparison to Solvatochromic Based Scales of Sol-vent Strength and Selectivity," J. Chromatogr. 463, 21-37 (1989).

128*. S.C. Rutan, P.W. Carr, and R.W. Taft, "Solvatochromic Linear Solvation Energy Rela-tionships for Gas-Liquid Partition Coefficients," J. Phys. Chem. 93, 4292-97 (1989).

129*. J.H. Park and P.W. Carr, "Interpretation of Normal-Phase Solvent Strength Scales Based on Linear Sol-va-tion Energy Relationships Using the Solvatochromic Parameters p*, a and b," J. Chromatogr. 465, 123-36 (1989).

130. G.L. Pollack, R.P. Kennan, J.F. Himm, and P.W. Carr, "Solubility of Xenon in 45 Or-ganic Solvents In-cluding Cycloalkanes, Acids, and Alkanals: Experiment and Theory," J. Chem. Phys. 90, 6569-79 (1989).

131*. W.J. Cheong and P.W. Carr, "Limitations of All Empirical Single-Parameter Solvent Strength Scales in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography," Anal. Chem. 61, 1524-9 (1989).

132. W.J. Howell, A.M. Karachewski, K.M. Stephenson, C.A. Eckert, J.H. Park, P.W. Carr, and S.C. Rutan, "An Improved MOSCED Equation for the Prediction and Applica-tion of Infinite Dilution Activity Coeffi-cients," Fluid Phase Equilib. 52, 151-160 (1989).

137*. W.J. Cheong and P.W. Carr, "Study of Partition Models in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Based on Measured Mobile Phase Solute Activity Coefficients," J. Chromatogr. 499, 373-93 (1990).

138*. W.J. Cheong and P.W. Carr, "Limiting Activity Coefficients and Gas-Liquid Parti-tion Coefficients of Alkylbenzenes in Hydro-Organic Solvents," J. Chromatogr. 500, 215-39 (1990).

142. J.A. Perlinger, S.J. Eisenreich, P.D. Capel, P.W. Carr, and J.H. Park, "Adsorption of a Homologous Series of Alkylbenzenes to Mineral Oxides at Low Organic Carbon Content Using Headspace Analysis," Wat. Sci. Technol. 22(6), 7-14 (1990).

143*. J.J. Li, A.J. Dallas, and P.W. Carr, "Empirical Scheme for the Classification of Gas Chromatographic Sta-tionary Phases Based on Solvatochromic Linear Solva-tion Energy Relationships," J. Chromatogr., Chromsymp. 1952 517, 103-21 (1990).

148*. J. Li, Y. Zhang, A.J. Dallas, and P.W. Carr, "Measurement of Solute Dipolar-ity/polarizability and Hy-dro-gen Bond Acidity by Inverse Gas Chromatography," J. Chromatogr. 550, 101-34 (1991).

153*. J.H. Park, J.E. Lee, M.D. Jang, J.-J. Li, and P.W. Carr, "UNIFAC Model as a Heuris-tic Guide for Esti-mating Retention in Chromatography," J. Chromatogr. 586, 1-9 (1991).

157*. J.H. Park, J.E. Lee, and P.W. Carr, "The Predictive Accuracy for Estimating Infi-nite Dilution Activity Coefficients by g8-Based UNIFAC," J. Solution Chem. 20, 1189-98 (1991).

158*. J. Li, Y. Zhang, and P.W. Carr, "Novel Triangle Scheme for Classification of Gas Chromatographic Phases Based on Solvatochromic Linear Solvation Energy -Rela-tion-ships," Anal. Chem. 64, 210-18 (1992).

166*. J. Li, Y. Zhang, H. Ouyang, and P.W. Carr, "Gas Chromatographic Study of Solute Hy-drogen Bond Basic-ity," JACS 114, 9813-28 (1992).

167*. A.J. Dallas and P.W. Carr, "A Thermodynamic and Solvatochromic Investigation of the Effect of Water on the Phase-Transfer Properties of Octan-1-ol," J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2, 2155-61 (1992).

170*. J. Li and P.W. Carr, "Measurement of Water-Hexadecane Partition Coefficients by Headspace Gas Chro-matography and Calculation of Limiting Activity Coefficients in Water," Anal. Chem. 65, 1443-50 (1993).

171*. Y. Zhang, A.J. Dallas, and P.W. Carr, "Critical Comparison of Gas-Hexadecane Parti-tion Coefficients as Measured with Packed and Open Tubular Capillary Columns," J. Chromatogr. 638, 43-56 (1993).

173*. R.B. Poe, S.C. Rutan, M.J. Hait, C.A. Eckert, and P.W. Carr, "Developing Models for In-finite Dilution Activity Coefficients Using Factor Analysis Methods," Anal. Chim. Acta 277, 223-38 (1993).

174.* J.J. Li, Y. Zhang, and P.W. Carr, "Development of a Gas Chromatographic Scale of Solute Hy-drogen Bond Acceptor Basicity and Characterization of Some Hydrogen Bond Donor Phases by Use of Linear Solvation Energy Relationships," Anal. Chem. 65, 1969-79 (1993).

175*. P.W. Carr, Review, "Solvatochromism, Linear Energy Solvation Energy Relationships, and Chromatog-ra-phy," Microchem. J. 48, 4-28 (1993).

176*. M.J. Hait, C.L. Liotta, C.A. Eckert, D.L. Bergmann, A.M. Karachewski, A.J. Dallas, D.I. Eikens, J.J. Li, P.W. Carr, R.B. Poe and S.C. Rutan, "Space Predictor for Infinite Dilu-tion Activity Coefficients," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 32, 2905-14 (1993).

177*. J.J. Li, A.J. Dallas, D.I. Eikens, P.W. Carr, D.L. Bergmann, M.J. Hait, and C.A. Eckert, "Measurement of Large Infinite Dilution Activity Coefficients of Nonelectrolytes in Water by Inert Gas Stripping and Gas Chromatography," Anal. Chem. 65, 3212-18 (1993).

180. L.R. Snyder, P.W. Carr, and S.C. Rutan, Review, "Solvatochromically Based Solvent-Selectivity Triangle," J. Chromatogr. A, 656, 537-47 (1993).

183*. J.J. Li and P.W. Carr, "Gas Chromatographic Study of Solvation Enthalpy by Solva-tochromically Based Linear Solvation Energy Relationships," J. Chromatogr. A 659, 367-80 (1994).

184*. L.C. Tan, P.W. Carr, J.M.J. Fréchet, and V. Smigol, "Liquid Chromatographic Study of Solute Hydrogen Bond Basicity," Anal. Chem. 66, 450-7 (1994).

186. A.J. Dallas and P.W. Carr, "Critical Evaluation of Predicted and Measured Gas-Liquid Partition Coefficients in n-Hexadecane," J. Phys. Chem. 98, 4927-39 (1994).

187*. J.J. Li and P.W. Carr, "Extra-Thermodynamic Relationships in Chromatography: Enthalpy-Entropy Com-pensation in Gas Chromatography," J. Chromatogr. A 670, 105-16 (1994).

191*. J.H. Park, A.J. Dallas, P. Chau and P.W. Carr, "Limitation of the ET(30) Solvent Strength Scale in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography," J. Chromatogr. A 677, 1-9 (1994).

200*. S.R. Sherman, D. Suleiman, M.J. Hait, M. Schiller, C.L. Liotta, C.A. Eckert, J.J. Li, P.W. Carr, R.B. Poe, and S.C. Rutan, "Correlation of Partial Molar Heats of Transfer at Infinite Dilution by a Linear Solva-tion Energy Relationship," J. Phys. Chem. 99, 11239-47 (1995).

206*. M.K. Vitha, A.J. Dallas, and P.W. Carr, "Study of Water-Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micellar Solubilization Thermodynamics for Several Solute Homolog Series by Headspace Gas Chromatography," J. Phys. Chem. 100, 5050-62 (1996).

208*. S.R. Sherman, D.B. Trampe, D.M. Bush, M. Schiller, C.A. Eckert, A.J. Dallas, J. Li, and P.W. Carr, "Compilation and Correlation of Limiting Activity Coefficients of Nonelectrolytes in Water," Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 35, 1044-58 (1996).

214*. L.C. Tan, P.W. Carr, and M.H. Abraham, "Study of Retention Mechanism in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chro-matography Using Linear Solvation Energy Relationships. I. The Stationary Phase," J. Chromatogr. A 752, 1-18 (1996).

215*. M.F. Vitha, J.D. Weckwerth, K. Odland, V. Dema, and P.W. Carr, "Study of the Polarity and Hydrogen Bond Ability of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Micelles by the Kamlet-Taft Solvatochromic Comparison Method," J. Phys. Chem. 100, 18823-8 (1996).

222*. M.F. Vitha, A.J. Dallas, and P.W. Carr, "A Comparison of Water-Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Phase Transfer Linear Solvation Energy Relationships and Databases," J. Colloid Interface Sci. 187, 179-83 (1997).

223*. J.H. Park, Y.K. Lee, Y.C. Weon, L.C. Tan, J.W. Li, L. Li, J.F. Evans, and P.W. Carr, "Revisionist Look at Solvophobic Driving Forces in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. IV. Partitioning vs Adsorption Mechanism on Various Types of Polymeric Bonded Phases," J. Chromatogr. A 767, 1-10 (1997).

230*. L.C. Tan and P.W. Carr, "Revisionist Look at Solvophobic Driving Forces in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. II. Partitioning vs Adsorption Mechanism in Monomeric Alkyl Bonded Phase Supports," J. Chromatogr. A 775, 1-12 (1997).

237*. L.C. Tan and P.W. Carr, "Study of Retention in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Using Linear Solvation Energy Relationships II. The Mobile Phase," J. Chromatogr. A 799, 1-19 (1998).

238*. J.D. Weckwerth and P.W. Carr, "Study of Interactions in Supercritical Fluids and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography by Solvatochromic Linear Solvation Energy Relationships," Anal. Chem. 70, 1404-11 (1998).

239*. M.F. Vitha and P.W. Carr, "Study of the Polarity and Hydrogen-Bond Ability of Dodecyltrimethyl-ammonium Bromide Micelles by the Kamlet-Taft Solvatochromic Comparison Method," J. Phys. Chem. B 102, 1888-95 (1998).

243*. J.D. Weckwerth, P.W. Carr, M.F. Vitha, and A. Nasehzadeh, Technical Note, "A Comparison of Gas-Hex-adecane and Gas-Apolane Partition Coefficients," Anal. Chem. 70, 3712-16 (1998).

245*. M.F. Vitha and P.W. Carr, "A Linear Solvation Energy Relationship Study of the Effects of Surfactant Chain Length on the Chemical Interactions Governing Retention and Selectivity in Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography Using Sodium Alkyl Sulfate Elution Buffers," Sep. Sci. Technol. 33, 2075-2100 (1998).

88*. J.E. Brady and P.W. Carr, "Correlation Analysis and Linear Solvation Energy Scales: The Implications of Approximate Models," J. Phys. Chem. 88, 5796-99 (1984).

99*. J.E. Brady and P.W. Carr, "An Analysis of Dielectric Models of Solvatochromism," J. Phys. Chem. 89, 5759-66 (1985).

117*. W.J. Cheong and P.W. Carr, "Kamlet-Taft p* Polarizability/Dipolarity of Mix-tures of Water with Vari-ous Organic Solvents," Anal. Chem. 60, 820-6 (1988).

141. J.H. Park, M.D. Jang, D.S. Kim and P.W. Carr, "Solvatochromic Hydrogen Bond Donor Acidity of Aque-ous Binary Solvent Mixtures for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chro-matography," J. Chromatogr. 513, 107-16 (1990).

154*. E.T. Ulrich and P.W. Carr, "Solvatochromic Study of the Effect of Chain Length, Chain Branching and Polymethylation of Alkylbenzenes on Solvent Polarizability," J. Phys. Chem. 95, 10197-203 (1991).

195*. J.H. Park, A.J. Dallas, P. Chau and P.W. Carr, "Study of the Hydrogen Bond Donor Acidity of Binary Aqueous Mixtures and Their Role in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography," J. Phys. Org. Chem. 7, 757-69 (1994).

226*. M.F. Vitha, J.D. Weckwerth, K. Odland, V. Dema, and P.W. Carr, "An Adaptation of Kubista's Method for Spectral Curve Deconvolution," Anal. Chem. 69, 2268-74 (1997).

241. M.H. Abraham, G.S. Whiting, P.W. Carr and H. Ouyang, "Hydrogen Bonding. Part 45. The Solubility of Gases and Vapours in Methanol at 298K: an LFER Analysis," J. Chem. Soc. Perkin Trans. 2, 1385-90 (1998).

95. P.C. Sadek, P.W. Carr, and L.D. Bowers, "Evaluation of Several Void-Volume Markers for Reversed-Phase HPLC," LC Magazine 3(7), 590-2 (1985).

100*. P.C. Sadek, P.W. Carr, and L.W. Bowers, "The Significance of Metallophilic and Silanophilic Interactions in Reversed Phase HPLC," J. Liq. Chromatogr. 8(13), 2369-86 (1985).

105*. P.W. Carr, R.M. Doherty, M.J. Kamlet, R.W. Taft, W. Melander, and C. Horvath, "Study of Temperature and Mobile Phase Effects in Reversed-Phase High-Per-formance Liquid Chromatography by the Use of the Solvatochromic Comparison Method," Anal. Chem. 58, 2674-80 (1986).

107. P.C. Sadek, P.W. Carr, and M.J. Ruggio, "Effect of Mobile Phase Composition and Highly Fluorinated Bonded Phases on the Apparent Free Energy of Transfer of Solute Functional Groups," Anal. Chem. 59, 1032-9 (1987).

134. C.A. Lucy, J.L. Wade, and P.W. Carr, "Study of Preparative Reversed-Phase Chro-matography by Appli-ca-tion of Kinetic and Equilibrium Models of Column Over-load," J. Chromatogr. 484, 61-82 (1989).

137*. W.J. Cheong and P.W. Carr, "Study of Partition Models in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Based on Measured Mobile Phase Solute Activity Coefficients," J. Chromatogr. 499, 373-93 (1990).

141. J.H. Park, M.D. Jang, D.S. Kim and P.W. Carr, "Solvatochromic Hydrogen Bond Donor Acidity of Aque-ous Binary Solvent Mixtures for Reversed-Phase Liquid Chro-matography," J. Chromatogr. 513, 107-16 (1990).

178*. P.W. Carr, J.J. Li, A.J. Dallas, D.I. Eikens and L.C. Tan, "Revisionistic Look at Solvo-phobic Driving Forces in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography," J. Chromatogr. A, 656, 113-33 (1993).

179*. L.C. Tan and P.W. Carr, Review, "Extra-Thermodynamic Relationships in Chromatography-Study of the Apparent Relationship between the Slopes and Intercepts of Plots of ln k' vs. Mobile Phase Com-position in Reversed-Phase Chromatography," J. Chromatogr. A, 656, 521-35 (1993).
191*. J.H. Park, A.J. Dallas, P. Chau and P.W. Carr, "Limitation of the ET(30) Solvent Strength Scale in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography," J. Chromatogr. A 677, 1-9 (1994).

195*. J.H. Park, A.J. Dallas, P. Chau and P.W. Carr, "Study of the Hydrogen Bond Donor Acidity of Binary Aqueous Mixtures and Their Role in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography," J. Phys. Org. Chem. 7, 757-69 (1994).

205*. P.W. Carr, L.C. Tan, and J.H. Park, "Revisionist Look at Solvophobic Driving Forces in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. III. Comparison of the Behavior of Nonpolar and Polar Solutes," J. Chromatogr. A 724, 1-12 (1996).

217+. J.W. Li and P.W. Carr, "Characterization of Polybutadiene-Coated Zirconia and Comparison to Conven-tional Bonded Phases by Use of Linear Solvation Energy Relationships," Anal. Chim. Acta 334, 239-50 (1996).

219+. P.T. Jackson, M.R. Schure, T.P. Weber, and P.W. Carr, "Intermolecular Interactions Involved in Solute Retention on Carbon Media in Reversed-Phase High Perform-ance Liquid Chromatography," Anal. Chem. 69, 416-25 (1997).

223*. J.H. Park, Y.K. Lee, Y.C. Weon, L.C. Tan, J.W. Li, L. Li, J.F. Evans, and P.W. Carr, "Revisionist Look at Solvophobic Driving Forces in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. IV. Partitioning vs Adsorption Mechanism on Various Types of Polymeric Bonded Phases," J. Chromatogr. A 767, 1-10 (1997).

224+. J.W. Li and P.W. Carr, "A Study of the Efficiency of Polybutadiene-Coated Zirconia as a Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Support," Anal. Chem. 69, 2193-2201 (1997).

230*. L.C. Tan and P.W. Carr, "Revisionist Look at Solvophobic Driving Forces in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography. II. Partitioning vs Adsorption Mechanism in Monomeric Alkyl Bonded Phase Supports," J. Chromatogr. A 775, 1-12 (1997).

231+. J.W. Li, Y. Hu, and P.W. Carr, "Fast Separations at Elevated Temperatures on Polybutadiene-Coated Zirconia Reversed-Phase Material," Anal. Chem. 69, 3884-8 (1997).

233+. P.T. Jackson, T.-Y. Kim, and P.W. Carr, "Diastereomeric Selectivity of Carbon-Coated Zirconia Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatographic Media," Anal. Chem. 69, 5011-17 (1997).

237*. L.C. Tan and P.W. Carr, "Study of Retention in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Using Linear Solvation Energy Relationships II. The Mobile Phase," J. Chromatogr. A 799, 1-19 (1998).

62. P.W. Carr, "Effect of Detector Nonlinearity on the Height, Area, Width, and Mo-ments of Chromatographic Peaks Based on a Gaussian Model," Anal. Chem. 52, 1746-50 (1980).

67. R.J. Kvitek, M.W. Watson, J.F. Evans, and P.W. Carr, "The Effect of Ethylenediamine vs. Glycidoxy Side-Chains on the Reactivity of Organosilanes Toward Sil-ica Surfaces," Anal. Chim. Acta 129, 269-72 (1981).

68+. L.M. McDowell, W.E. Barber, and P.W. Carr, "Effect of Detector Nonlinearity on the Height, Area, Width, and Moments of Peaks in Liquid Chromatography with Absorbance Detectors," Anal. Chem. 53, 1373-6 (1981).

69+. W.E. Barber and P.W. Carr, "Graphical Method for Obtaining Retention Time and Number of Theoretical Plates From Tailed Chromatographic Peaks," Anal. Chem. 53, 1939-42 (1981).

70+. Y.T. Shih and P.W. Carr, "Silanization of Stainless-Steel Frits for Use in Trace Metal Analysis by High Per-formance Liquid Chromatography, Talanta 28, 411-14 (1981).

79*. P.C. Sadek and P.W. Carr, "A Simple Test for Characterizing Silanophilic Interac-tions of Reversed-Phase Columns Based on the Chromatographic Behavior of Cyclic Tetraaza Com-pounds," J. Chromatogr. Sci. 21, 314-20 (1983).

87*. D.A. Hanggi and P. W. Carr, "A Simple Method of Evaluating Particle Size Dis-tributions and Settling Rates for Silica Based Chromatographic Supports," J. Liq. Chromatogr. 7(12), 2323-49 (1984).

91*. A. Hussam and P.W. Carr, "Rapid and Precise Method for the Measurement of Vapor/Liquid Equilibria by Headspace Gas Chromatography," Anal. Chem. 57, 793-801 (1985).

93+. Y.T. Shih and P.W. Carr, "Flow-Rate Dependence of Post-Column Reaction Chromato-graphic Detectors and Optimization of Reactor Length for Slow Chemical Reactions," Anal. Chim. Acta 167, 137-44 (1985).

94*. D.A. Hanggi and P.W. Carr, "Errors in Linear Extrapolation Methods for Deter-mining Extra Column Vari-ance in HPLC Systems," LC Magazine 3(5), 414-18 (1985).

96. D.A. Hanggi and P.W. Carr, "Errors in Exponentially Modified Gaussian Equations in the Literature," Anal. Chem. 57, 2394-5 (1985).

106*. A. Hussam, J.H. Park and P.W. Carr, "Use of Homologous Series of Liquids for the Study of the Linearity and Relative Response Factors for Methyl and Methyl-ene Groups in Flame Ionization Detectors by Headspace Gas Chromatography," Microchem. J. 35, 107-11 (1987).

110*. J.H. Park, A. Hussam, P. Couasnon, and P.W. Carr, "The Precision of Area and Height Measurements with Flame Ionization Detectors in Temperature-Pro-grammed Capillary Gas Chromatography," Microchem. J. 35, 232-9 (1987).

116+*. C.F. Polnaszek, D.A. Hanggi, P.W. Carr, and R.G. Bryant, "Nuclear Magnetic Relax-ation Dispersion Measurement of Water Mobility at a Silica Surface," Anal. Chim. Acta 194, 311-15 (1987).

126*. D.I. Eikens and P.W. Carr, "Application of the Equation of Error Propagation to Obtain-ing Nonstochas-tic Estimates for the Reproducibility of Chromatographic Peak Moments," Anal. Chem. 61, 1058-62 (1989).

133. G.R. Bogart, D. Leyden, T.M. Wade, W. Schafer, and P.W. Carr, "Spectroscopic Investigation of the Hy-drolysis of g-Glycidoxypropylsilane Bound to Silica Sur-faces," J. Chromatogr. 483, 209-19 (1989).

140. D. Schisla and P.W. Carr, "Limitations of the Assumption of Negligible Film Thickness in Capillary Chromatography," Chromatographia 29, 606-8 (1990).

150*. A. Dallas and P.W. Carr, "Direct Chromatographic Comparison of the Relative Ad-sorp-tion Activity of Var-ious Types of Capillary Transfer Tubing," Anal. Chim. Acta 251, 83-93 (1991).

164. P.W. Carr, Book Review of Unified Separation Science by J. Calvin Giddings, Wiley: New York, 1991, in Microchem. J. 45, 248-50 (1992).

185. P.W. Carr, Book Review of Capillary Electrophoresis: Theory and Practice, by P.D. Gross-man and J.C. Colburn, Academic Press Inc.: San Diego, 1992 in Microchem. J. 49, 111-12 (1994).

204. D.K. Schisla, P.W. Carr, and E.L. Cussler, "Hollow Fiber Array Affinity Chroma-tography," Biotechnol. Prog. 11, 651-8 (1995).

212. G.O. Cantrell, R.W. Stringham, J.A. Blackwell, J.D. Weckwerth, and P.W. Carr, "Effect of Various Modifiers on Selectivity in Packed-Column Subcritical and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography," Anal. Chem. 68, 3645-50 (1996).

227+. J.W. Li and P.W. Carr, "Accuracy of Empirical Correlations for Estimating Diffusion Coefficients in Aqueous Organic Mixtures," Anal. Chem. 69, 2530-6 (1997).

228+. J.W. Li and P.W. Carr, "Estimating Diffusion Coefficients for Alkylbenzenes and Akylphenones in Aque-ous Mixtures with Acetonitrile and Methanol," Anal. Chem. 69, 2550-3 (1997).

229. M.F. Vitha and P.W. Carr, "A Laboratory Exercise in Statistical Analysis of Data," J. Chem. Ed. 74, 998-1000 (1997).

236+. P.W. Carr and L. Sun, "An Approximate Expression for the Minimum Plate Height Produced by Knox's Equation," Papers in Honor of J. Calvin Giddings, J. Microcolumn Seps. 10, 149-52 (1998).

80*. X.D. Geng and P.W. Carr, "Use of Fluorinated Bonded Phases in Reversed-Phase High Per-formance Liquid Chromatography of Proteins," J. Chromatogr. 269, 96-102 (1983).

81*. A.J. Muller and P.W. Carr, "Chromatographic Study of the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characteristics of Silica-Bound Concanavalin A," J. Chromatogr. 284, 33-51 (1984).

85*. A.J. Muller and P.W. Carr, "Examination of Kinetic Effects in the High Perform-ance Liquid Affinity Chro-matography of Glycoproteins by Stopped-Flow and Pulsed Elution Methods," J. Chromatogr. 294, 235-46 (1984).

90*. P.C. Sadek, P.W. Carr, L.D. Bowers, and L.C. Haddad, "A Radiochemical Study of Irre-versible Protein Loss on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Col-umn Frits," Anal. Biochem. 144, 128-131 (1985).

92*. D.A. Hanggi and P.W. Carr, "Analytical Evaluation of the Purity of Commercial Prepara-tions of Cibacron Blue F3GA and Related Dyes," Anal. Biochem. 149, 91-104 (1985).

101*. P.C. Sadek, P.W. Carr, L.D. Bowers, and L.C. Haddad, "A Radiochemical Study of Irreversible Adsorption of Proteins on Reversed-Phase Chromatographic Packing Materi-als," Anal. Biochem. 153, 359-371 (1986).

102*. A.J. Muller and P.W. Carr, "Examination of the Thermodynamic and Kinetic Characteris-tics of Micropar-ticulate Affinity Chromatography Supports: Applica-tion to Concanavalin A," J. Chromatogr. 357, 11-32 (1986).

103*. P.W. Carr, A.F. Bergold, D.A. Hanggi and A.J. Muller, "Recent Developments in Gen-eral Ligand High-Performance Affinity Chromatography," Chromatography Forum 1(3), 31-7 (1986).

111*. J.L. Wade, A.F. Bergold, and P.W. Carr, "Theoretical Description of Nonlinear Chro-matography, with Applications to Physicochemical Measurements in Affinity -Chroma-tography and Implications for Prepar-a-tive-Scale Separations," Anal. Chem. 59, 1286-95 (1987).

120. J.L. Wade and P.W. Carr, "Split Peaks in Non-Linear Chromatography and Their Effect on Sample Throughput in Large Scale Separations," J. Chromatogr. 449, 53-61 (1988).

127*. A.F. Bergold and P.W. Carr, "Improved Resolution of Glycoproteins by Chroma-togra-phy with Con-canavalin A Immobilized on Microparticulate Silica via Tem-perature-Pro-grammed Elution," Anal. Chem. 61, 1117-28 (1989).

134. C.A. Lucy, J.L. Wade, and P.W. Carr, "Study of Preparative Reversed-Phase Chro-matography by Appli-ca-tion of Kinetic and Equilibrium Models of Column Over-load," J. Chromatogr. 484, 61-82 (1989).

139*. J.L. Wade and P.W. Carr, "Efficient and Precise Computation of Bessel Function Inte-grals," Chem. Eng. J. 44, B25-B30 (1990).

151*. C.A. Lucy and P.W. Carr, "Analysis of the Separability of Plate Height into Over-load and Intrinsic Con-tri-butions Using the Kinetic Model of Non-linear Chroma-tography," J. Chromatogr. 556, 159-68 (1991).

165*. H.B. Ding, P.W. Carr, and E.L. Cussler, "Racemic Leucine Separation by Hollow Fiber Extraction," AIChE J., 38, 1493-8 (1992).

168. F.G. Helfferich and P.W. Carr, "Nonlinear Waves in Chromatography: I. Waves, Shocks, and Shapes," J. Chromatogr. 629, 97-122 (1993).

172. D.K. Schisla, H.B. Ding, P.W. Carr, and E.L. Cussler, "Polydisperse Tube Diame-ters Compromise Multi-ple Open Tubular Chromatography," AIChE J. 39, 946-53 (1993).

190+. M.H. Glavanovich and P.W. Carr, "Easily Regenerable Affinity Chromatographic Zirconia-Based Support with Concanavalin A as a Model Ligand," Anal.Chem. 66, 2584-9 (1994).

5. D. Glick, K.W. Marich, P.W. Carr, and E.S. Beatrice, "Laser Microprobe-Emission Spec-troscopy," Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 168, 507-9 (1970).

6. W.J. Treytl, K.W. Marich, J.B. Orenberg, P.W. Carr, D.C. Miller, and D. Glick, "Effect of Atmosphere on Spectral Emission from Plasmas Generated by the Laser Microprobe," Anal. Chem. 43, 1452-6 (1971).

18. E.B. Smith and P.W. Carr, "Rapid and Precise Determination of Total Serum Pro-tein by Thermochemical Analysis," Anal. Chem. 45, 1688-95 (1973).

19. W.D. Bostick and P.W. Carr, "A Precise, Continuous Recording Clot Timer Based on a Thermometric Detec-tion System," Am. J. Clin. Path. 60, 330-6 (1973).

23. S.R. Betso and P.W. Carr, "Determination of Proteins by Amperometric Titration with 12-Phosphotungstic Acid at Rotating Gold Electrodes," Anal. Chim. Acta 69, 161-72 (1974).

24. W.D. Bostick and P.W. Carr, "Plasma and Blood Coagulation Time Detector Based on the Flow Sensitivity of Self-Heated Thermistors," Anal. Chem. 46, 1095-1102 (1974).

30. P.W. Carr, E.B. Smith, S.R. Betso, and R.H. Callicott, "A Thermometric Investiga-tion of the Reaction Be-tween Proteins and 12-Phosphotungstic Acid," in Analytical Calorimetry, Vol. 3, R.S. Porter and J.F. John-son (eds.), Plenum Press: New York, 1975, pp. 457-64.

33. L.M. Canning, Jr. and P.W. Carr, "Rapid Thermochemical Analysis via Immobi-lized En-zyme Reactors," Anal. Lett. 8, 359-67 (1975).

35. W.D. Bostick, R.H. Callicott, L.M. Canning, and P.W. Carr, "Biochemical and Clin-ical Applications of the Temperature and Flow Sensitivity of Thermistors," Am. Lab. 8, 45-53 (1976).

36. P.W. Carr, E.B. Smith, S.R. Betso, and R.H. Callicott, "A Thermochemical Investi-gation of the Binding of 12-Phosphotungstic Acid and Chloride Ion to Bovine Serum Albumin," Thermochim. Acta 15, 105-21 (1976).

39. L.D. Bowers, L.M. Canning, C.N. Sayers, and P.W. Carr, "Rapid-Flow Enthalpimetric Determination of Urea in Serum, with Use of an Immobilized Urease Reactor," Clin. Chem. 22, 1314-18 (1976).

40. P.W. Carr and L.D. Bowers, "Applications of Immobilized Enzymes in Analyti-cal Chemistry," Anal. Chem. 48, 544A-9A (1976).

41. L.D. Bowers, P.W. Carr, and R.S. Schifreen, "An Immobilized-Enzyme Flow-Enthalpimetric Ana-lyzer: Application to Glucose Determination by Direct Phosphorylation Catalyzed by Hexokinase," Clin. Chem. 22, 1427-33 (1976).

42. L.D. Bowers and P.W. Carr, "Preparation and Characterization of Hexokinase Covalently Bound to Controlled Porosity Glass," Biotech. Bioeng. XVIII, 1331-4 (1976).

47. P.W. Carr, "Fourier Analysis of the Transient Response of Potentiometric Enzyme Elec-trodes," Anal. Chem. 49, 799-802 (1977).

48. L.F. Whiting and P.W. Carr, "Theoretical and Experimental Differential Scanning Calori-metric Studies of Enzyme-Substrate Reactions" in Analytical Calorimetry, Vol. 4, R.S. Porter and J.F. Johnson (eds.), Plenum Press, 1977.

49. R.S. Schifreen, L.D. Bowers, D.A. Hanna, and P.W. Carr, "Analytical Aspects of Immobi-lized Enzyme Columns," Anal. Chem. 49, 1929-39 (1977).

50. S.N. Lowery, P.W. Carr, and W.R. Seitz, "Determination of L-Amino Acids and L-Amino Acid Oxidase Activity Using Luminol Chemiluminescence," Anal. Lett. 10, 931 (1977).

51. R.E. Adams and P.W. Carr, "A Coulometric Flow Analyzer for Use with Immobi-lized Enzyme Reactors," Anal. Chem. 50, 944-50 (1978).

56. R.S. Schifreen and P.W. Carr, "An Investigation of the Kinetic Characteristics of the Lipase from Candida Cylindracea" for Its Potential in Triglyceride Analysis," Anal. Lett. 12(B1), 47-69 (1979).

59. P.W. Carr and R.S. Schifreen, "Fundamental and Analytical Characteristics of Immobilized Enzyme Reac-tors," in Midl. Macromol. Monograph (Silylated Sur-faces), Vol. 7, John Wiley & Sons: New York, NY, 173-88 (1980).

60. L.D. Bowers and P.W. Carr, "Immobilized Enzymes in Analytical Chemistry," in Advances in Biochemical Engineering, Vol. 15, A. Fiechter (ed.), Springer-Verlag: New York, NY, 1980.

235+. A.M. Clausen and P.W. Carr, "Chromatographic Characterization of Phosphonate Analog EDTA-Modified Zirconia Support for Biochromatographic Applications," Anal. Chem. 70, 378-85 (1998).

240+. Y. Hu and P.W. Carr, "Synthesis and Characterization of New Zirconia-Based Polymeric Cation-Exchange Stationary Phases for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Proteins," Anal. Chem. 70, 1934-42 (1998).

26. D.E. Leyden, P.W. Carr, and W.K. Nonidez, "Direct Determination of Total Serum Phos-pholipid by X-ray Fluorescence," Clin. Chem. 20, 1271-4 (1974).

32. D.E. Leyden, W.K. Nonidez, and P.W. Carr, "Determination of PPB of Phosphate in Natu-ral Waters Using X-ray Fluorescence," Anal. Chem. 47, 1449 (1975).

38. D.R. Senn, P.W. Carr, and L.N. Klatt, "Determination of Nitrate Ion at the Part per Billion Level in Envi-ronmental Samples with a Continuous Flow Immobilized En-zyme Reaction," Anal. Chem. 48, 954-8 (1976).

45. D.R. Senn, P.W. Carr, and L.N. Klatt, "Minimization of a Sodium Dithionite-De-rived Inter-ference in Nitrate Reductase-Methyl Viologen Reactions," Anal. Bio-chem. 75, 464-71 (1976).

70+. Y.T. Shih and P.W. Carr, "Silanization of Stainless-Steel Frits for Use in Trace Metal Analysis by High Per-formance Liquid Chromatography, Talanta 28, 411-14 (1981).

71+. R.C. Gurira and P.W. Carr, "Reversed-Phase HPLC of b-Diketone Metal Chelates," J. Chromatogr. Sci. 20, 461-5 (1982).

74+. Y.T. Shih and P.W. Carr, "Determination of Metals at Trace Levels via Pre-Col-umn Deriva-tization and Non-polar Stationary-Phase High Performance Liquid Chro-matography with n-Butyl-2-Naphthylmethyldithiocar-bamate Complexes," Anal. Chim. Acta 142, 55-62 (1982).

78+. W.E. Barber and P.W. Carr, "Ultraviolet Visualization of Inorganic Ions by Re-versed-Phase Ion-Interaction Chromatography," J. Chromatogr. 260, 89-96 (1983).

84*. Y.T. Shih and P.W. Carr, "A Post-Column Photochemical Detector for Use in the Deter-mination of Trace Metals with n-Butyl-2-Naphthylmethyldithiocarba-mate by High Perfor-mance Liquid Chromatography," Anal. Chim. Acta 159, 211-28, (1984).

86+. W.E. Barber and P.W. Carr, "Ultra-Violet Visualization of Inorganic Anions by Reversed-Phase Ion-Interac-tion Chromatography; Factors That Control Retention and Selectivity," J. Chromatogr. 301, 25-38 (1984).

89+. W.E. Barber and P.W. Carr, "UV Visualization of Inorganic Anions by Reversed-Phase Ion-Interaction Chro-matography: Factors that Control Sensitivity and Detection," J. Chromatogr. 316, 211-225 (1984).

123+. M.C. Gill, Y.T. Shih and P.W. Carr, "Determination of Trace Metals as n-Butyl-2-Naphthyl-methyldithio-carbamates by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Fixed-Wavelength Ab-sorbance Detector," Talanta 36 (1/2), 293-7 (1989).

17. P.W. Carr and J. Jordan, "Kinetic Titrimetry: Theory of Automated Linear Titra-tions and Application to Thermometric End Points," Anal. Chem. 45, 634-40 (1973).

21. B.H. Campbell, L. Meites, and P.W. Carr, "Constant-Rate Titrations in Studies of Chemical Kinetics-A General Technique for the Elucidation of Reaction Mecha-nisms and the Evalua-tion of Rate Constants," Anal. Chem. 46, 386-90 (1974).

53. P.W. Carr, "Kinetic and Equilibrium Assays Based on the Effect of Extent of Reac-tion and the Uncertainty of Rate Parameters," Anal. Chem. 50, 1602-7 (1978).

76. R.J. Kvitek, J.F. Evans and P.W. Carr, "Diamine/Silane-Modified Controlled Pore Glass: The Covalent At-tachment Reaction from Aqueous Solution and the Mechanism of Reaction of Bound Diamine with Copper(II)," Anal. Chim. Acta 144, 93-106 (1982).

121*. S.C. Rutan and P.W. Carr, "Comparison of Robust Regression Methods Based on Least-Median and Adap-tive Kalman Filtering Approaches Applied to Linear Calibration Data," Anal. Chim. Acta 215, 131-42 (1988).

125. P.W. Carr, "An Interview with Piet Kolthoff," Talanta 36 (1/2), XI- XII (1989).

25. R.H. Callicott and P.W. Carr, "Use of State Variable Active Filters as Differentia-tors, Rate Meters, and End-Point Locators," Anal. Chem. 46, 1840-2 (1974).

37. D.R. Senn, P.W. Carr, and L.N. Klatt, "Compensation for Thermal Drift in an Opti-cal Feed-back Stabilized Photometer," Chem. Instrum. 7, 145-53 (1976).

44. R.E. Adams, S.R. Betso, and P.W. Carr, "Electrochemical pH-Stat and Controlled Current Coulometric Acid-Base Analyzer," Anal. Chem. 48, 1989-96 (1976).

46. L.F. Whiting, L.D. Bowers, and P.W. Carr, "An Inexpensive Digital Data Acquisi-tion System for the Teach-ing Laboratory," J. Chem. Ed. 53, 786 (1976).

77. J.E. Brady and P.W. Carr, "An Inexpensive Digital Gradient Controller for HPLC," J. Chem. Ed. 60, 83 (1983).

91*. A. Hussam and P.W. Carr, "Rapid and Precise Method for the Measurement of Vapor/Liquid Equilibria by Headspace Gas Chromatography," Anal. Chem. 57, 793-801 (1985).

8. P.W. Carr, "Thermometric Titration of Milligram Quantities of Potassium, Ammo-nium and Thallium(I) with Tetraphenylborate," Anal. Chem. 43, 756-8 (1971).

9. P.W. Carr, "The Enthalpy of Precipitation of Univalent Cations with Tetraphenylborate by Titration Calorimetry," Thermochim. Acta 2, 505-11 (1971).

12. P.W. Carr, "Theoretical Evaluation and Limitations of the Extrapolation Method for Mea-sur-ing Reaction Enthalpy by Titration Calorimetry," Thermochim. Acta 3, 427-35 (1972).

14. P.W. Carr, "Analytical and Measurement Aspects of Thermometric Titrimetry," in Critical Reviews of Analyt-ical Chemistry, L. Meites (ed), 1972, pp. 491-557.

15. P.W. Carr and J. Jordan, "Perchlorate Determination by Thermometric Enthalpy Titration," Anal. Chem. 44, 1278-81 (1972).

16. E.B. Smith, C.S. Barnes, and P.W. Carr, "High Sensitivity Thermochemical Analy-sis," Anal. Chem. 44, 1663-9 (1972).

17. P.W. Carr and J. Jordan, "Kinetic Titrimetry: Theory of Automated Linear Titra-tions and Application to Thermometric End Points," Anal. Chem. 45, 634-40 (1973).

20. J.H. Kennedy and P.W. Carr, "The Effect of Inert Solids on the Differential Scan-ning Calorimetric Behavior of Benzoic Acid," Thermochim. Acta 7, 325-9 (1973).

27. L.D. Bowers and P.W. Carr, "Noise Measurement and the Temperature Resolu-tion of Negative Temperature Coefficient Thermistors," Thermochim. Acta 10, 129-42 (1974).

28. W.D. Bostick and P.W. Carr, "Feasibility of Recording Clot Lysis with the Thermo-metric Clot Detector," Clin. Chem. 20, 1435-7 (1974).

29. P.W. Carr and L.D. Bowers, "On the Temperature Resolution of Thermistors" in Analytical Calorimetry, Vol. 3, R.S. Porter and J.F. Johnson (eds.), Plenum Press: New York, 1975, pp. 45-55.

31. L.D. Bowers and P.W. Carr, "The Sensitivity, Linearity and Temperature Resolu-tion of Non-Equal Arm Thermistor Wheatstone Bridges Near Balance, Thermochim. Acta 11, 225-33 (1975).

34. R.H. Callicott and P.W. Carr, "Concurrent Determination of Total Serum Calcium and Mag-nesium by Ther-mometric Titration with Ethylenediaminetetraacetate," Clin. Chem. 22, 1084-8 (1976).

52. P.W. Carr, "Thermoanalysis," in Yearbook of Science and Technology, McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, 1978, p. 361-3.

54. L.F. Whiting and P.W. Carr, "Effect of Thermal Lag and Measurement Precision in Differ-ential Scanning Calorimetry: Theoretical Guidelines for Enzyme-Substrate Reactions by the Method of Orthogonal Colloca-tion," Anal. Chem. 50, 1997-2006 (1978).

55. R.S. Schifreen, C.S. Miller, and P.W. Carr, "High Sensitivity, Continuous Flow Thermo-chemical Ana-lyzer," Anal. Chem. 51, 278-83 (1979).

57. L.F. Whiting and P.W. Carr, "Applications of Differential Scanning Calorimetry to Enzyme Kinetics," Thermochim. Acta 33, 7-17 (1979).

63. J.M. Elvecrog and P.W. Carr, "A Catalimetric Thermochemical Unsegmented Flow System Based on the Iodide-Catalyzed Cerium(IV)-Arsenic (III) Reaction," Anal. Chim. Acta 121, 135-46 (1980).

66. R.J. Kvitek, P.W. Carr, and J.F. Evans, "Thermometric and Potentiometric Titra-tions of Modified Glass Sur-faces," Anal. Chim. Acta 124, 229-31 (1981).

Electrochemistry
1. P.W. Carr and L. Meites, "Automatic and Coulometric Titrations in Studies of Chemical Kinetics. III. Evalu-ation of the Rate Constant for the Disproportionation of Uranium(V) by Automatic Amperometric Titrations of Uranium(VI) with Chromium(II)," J. Electroanal. Chem. 12, 373-84 (1966).

3. J. Jordan and P.W. Carr, "Characterization of Electrode Sites by Radioactive Trac-ers," Plat-ing, June 1968, pp. 1-5.

7. P.W. Carr, "Intrinsic End-point Errors in Precipitation Titrations with Ion Selective Elec-trodes," Anal. Chem. 43, 425-30 (1971).

13. P.W. Carr, "Intrinsic End-point Errors in Titration with Ion Selective Electrodes: Chelo-metric Titrations," Anal. Chem. 44, 452-6 (1972).

43. L.F. Whiting and P.W. Carr, "A Simple, Fast Numerical Method for the Solution of a Wide Variety of Elec-trochemical Diffusion Problems," J. Electroanal. Chem. 81, 1-20 (1977).

44. R.E. Adams, S.R. Betso, and P.W. Carr, "Electrochemical pH-Stat and Controlled Current Coulometric Acid-Base Analyzer," Anal. Chem. 48, 1989-96 (1976).

61. J.E. Brady and P.W. Carr, "Theoretical Evaluation of the Steady-State Response of Po-ten-tiometric Enzyme Electrodes," Anal. Chem. 52, 977-80 (1980).